Noise—small, random deviations from regularities—is omnipresent. Instead of treating it as a nuisance that is to be eliminated, businesses can embrace noise as as a powerful ally.

Leaders must learn to vary the tempo in a dynamic context, manage rhythm and synchronization in an interconnected world, and embrace adaptive rules and structures when confronted with pressure across multiple timescales.

"Complex systems thinking is the dominant tool for modeling in epidemiology. Companies use it to model their inventory systems. But using it in economics is harder because the agents have more agency and are complicated."

In an era of technological advancements, geopolitical tensions, and economic turmoil, standing still is akin to moving backward. As the durability of competitive advantage has dwindled, the average tenure of companies on the S&P 500 index has more than halved since the late 1970s.

You play games in the workplace every day. But you can get more business value out of games by making them bolder and more adventurous. We suggest experimenting with games that are less routine, less constrained, more counterfactual, and more explicit.

"We gave a large number of workers access to GPT-4, without training. The people who had access to it got work done 26% faster and got 12.5% more work done. […]. To put that in context, when steam power was put into a factory in the early 1800s, it improved performance by 18 to 22%."